This symposium will update and review information on the immune and nonimmune hemolytic anemiac. The most recent data on medical and surgical management of these diseases will be presented. Splenectomy has been a treatment option for immune and nonimmune hemolytic anemia for decades. As more has been learned about the spleen’s role in immune response to pathogenic encapsulated organisms and more recently in protection against subclinical and clinically apparent thrombotic complications, total splenectomy for these anemias has been reevaluated. Alternative medical therapy, including Rituximab, for autoimmune hemolytic anemia is increasingly being studied. Subtotal splenectomy is now considered a treatment option in autoimmune and nonimmune hemolytic anemia. Small case series have been reported and demonstrate a need for long-term study of patients to assess the complications of splenic regrowth, postsplenectomy sepsis, and rates of thrombotic events, including development of pulmonary hypertension.