Much attention and study have been devoted to Homozygous and Compound Heterozygous Beta-thalassemia. More recent data has shed light on the possible clinical consequences and imperative for study of other hemoglobinopathy syndromes. New data on Sickle Cell Trait, Hemoglobin H/Constant Spring and Hemoglobin E/Beta thalassemia demonstrate a need for further understanding of the pathophysiology and improved investigation into prevention and treatment strategies. This session will present the most recent data on these hemoglobinopathies, pathophysiologic insight, the wide clinical phenotypes and suggest future directions for research efforts. North American data as well as extensive data from long-term study of hemoglobin E/Beta-thalassemia in Sri Lanka will be discussed and analyzed.